The human PD-L1 ectodomains, consisting of amino acids 1-239, with a IgG-Fc tag linked to a C-terminal 10x-histidine sequence. PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) protein is a transmembrane protein that is widely expressed in various tissues, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and tumor cells. It interacts with PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) receptor on activated T cells to regulate the immune response and prevent autoimmunity. However, in some cases, its overexpression in tumor cells can lead to immune suppression, allowing such cells to evade tumor immunity. This makes it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy, with multiple FDA-approved PD-L1 inhibitors currently available to treat various cancers.